如何通过Win10子系统远程登录Ubuntu-22.04？

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网上有许多关于远程登录Linux服务器的文章，但关于远程登录Windows自带的Linux子系统（WSL）——Ubuntu 22.04 LTS的文章较少。简单来说，被连接的Ubuntu服务器正在运行中。

网上已经有很多关于远程登陆linux服务器的文章了，但很少找到关于远程登陆Windows自带的Linux子系统（WSL）——Ubuntu-22.04LTS的文章。

话不多说，言归正传！

1、被连接的Ubuntu服务器所在windows需要做的事

• 单击Windows左下角主菜单，搜索cmd，并以管理员身份运行打开。
• 执行以下命令，查看Windows的ip地址，假设地址是192.168.1.8

ipconfig

• 执行以下命令，将Ubuntu子系统的 ssh 端口转发到 Windows系统 的 22222 端口或其它没有被占用的端口

netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 listenport=22222 connectaddress=192.168.1.8 connectport=22

2、被连接的Ubuntu服务器上需要做的事

• 开启其他地址的访问权限

sudo vim /etc/hosts.allow #在文档最下方添加 ALL:ALL

• 安装openssh

sudo apt-get install

• 配置ssh服务器

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.

Include /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf

#Port 22 #登入端口默认22，此处一定要注释掉！因为我们登陆的是22222端口
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #当服务器有多个ip，可配置服务器监听地址
#ListenAddress ::

#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key #设置加密密匙文件信息
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none

# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m


#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password #yes允许root登入 、#no不允许root登入、#without-password 停止使用root账号的密码验证、#forced-commands-onlyy#允许用公匙法验证root账号登入、#prohibit-password 禁止密码

#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

PubkeyAuthentication yes #是否允许使用公匙验证，仅适用于ssh版本2

# Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.
#AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2

#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
PasswordAuthentication yes #是否允许密码登陆
#PermitEmptyPasswords no #是否允许空密码

# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
KbdInteractiveAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no

# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the KbdInteractiveAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via KbdInteractiveAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and KbdInteractiveAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
PrintMotd no
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
UseDNS yes
#PidFile /run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server

• 开启ssh服务

sudo

• ssh连接的过程

本地向远程服务端发起连接

服务端随机生成一个字符串发送给发起登录的本地端

本地对该字符串使用私钥（~/.ssh/id_rsa）加密发送给服务端

服务端使用公钥（~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub）对私钥加密后的字符串进行解密

服务端对比解密后的字符串和第一次发送给客户端未加密的字符串，若一致则判断为登录成功

• 可能的报错

• ​​sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.​​

• 解决方案：

ssh-keygen -A

sudo

• ​​Disconnected: No supported authentication methods available (server sent: publickey)​​

• 解决方案：检查ssh的配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config，看是否打开了密码登陆或公钥登陆

PasswordAuthentication yes #是否允许密码登陆
PubkeyAuthentication yes #是否允许使用公匙验证，仅适用于ssh版本2

• ​​Permission denied (publickey).​​

• 原因分析：

远程主机禁用了ssh密码登录权限

本地访问远程主机的公钥没有添加或者被取消（无法认证）

用户主目录下执行以下命令生成的一对秘钥（私钥：​​~/.ssh/id_rsa​​和公钥：​​~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub​​）。

ssh-keygen -t rsa

复制本地公钥（​​~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub​​）内容，添加到远程服务器端已认证的秘钥文件​​~/.ssh/authorized_keys​​末尾。

远程服务器公钥文件夹权限错误（.ssh和.ssh/authorized_keys需要保证只有用户自己有权限，否则验证无效）

// 更改文件所有权。
# chown -R your_user:your_group ~/.ssh

// 更改.ssh文件夹权限
# chmod 700 ~/.ssh

// 更改.ssh/authorized_keys文件权限
# chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

• 经过以上步骤后，通过命令行​​ssh -p 22222 登录名@主机ip​​或者mabaxterm、securCRT等软件即可成功远程登陆WIindows自带子系统Ubuntu了。